Review Article
Prevalence of Self-Reported Work-Related Lower Back Pain and Its Associated Factors in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 5
Factors associated with low back pain.
| | Factors | POR (CI) | I2 | Chi-square | value |
| | Age, years | | <30 (reference) | 1 | | | | | ≥30 | 1.74 (1.25, 2.41) | 85.4 | 68.28 | 0.001 |
| | Sex | | Male | 1 | | | | | Female | 1.47 (1.09, 1.98) | 80.2 | 55.56 | 0.012 |
| | BMI, kg/m2 | | <25 | 1 | | | | | ≥25 | 1.62 (1.26, 2.08) | 24.7 | 7.97 | ≤0.001 |
| | Work experience, years | | <5 | 1 | | | | | ≥5 | 2.26 (1.66, 3.08) | 83.9 | 74.42 | ≤0.001 |
| | Alcohol drinking | | No | 1 | | | | | Yes | 1.34 (0.69, 2.63) | 77.1 | 8.73 | 0.387 |
| | Working hours, hours | | ≤8 | | | | | | >8 | 2.69 (1.58, 4.60) | 76.8 | 12.9 | ≤0.001 |
| | Took safety training | | Yes | 1 | | | | | No | 2.16 (1.66, 2.80) | 60.2 | 15.06 | ≤0.001 |
| | Physical activity/exercise | | Yes | 1 | | | | | No | 1.45 (0.91, 2.31) | 90.3 | 103.06 | 0.118 |
| | Job stress | | No | 1 | | | | | Yes | 1.23 (0.62, 2.41) | 93.0 | 71.57 | 0.556 |
| | Awkward working posture | | No | 1 | | | | | Yes | 2.97 (1.85, 4.77) | 75.4 | 16.27 | ≤0.001 |
| | Work shift | | Day shift only | 1 | | | | | Both shifts | 1.61 (1.11, 2.32) | 62.8 | 8.06 | 0.011 |
| | Felt little pleasure by doing things | | No | 1 | | | | | Yes | 2.01 (0.95, 4.24) | 79.7 | 4.93 | 0.069 |
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