Review Article
Prevalence of Self-Reported Work-Related Lower Back Pain and Its Associated Factors in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 6
Factors associated with low back pain (continued).
| | Factors | POR (CI) | I2 | Chi-square | value |
| | Night shift | | No | 1 | | | | | Yes | 2.88 (0.81, 10.21) | 66.5 | 2.98 | 0.101 |
| | Prolonged standing | | No | 1 | | | | | Yes | 2.53 (1.41, 4.57) | 83.6 | 12.20 | 0.002 |
| | Prolonged sitting | | No | 1 | | | | | Yes | 1.19 (0.74, 1.92) | 41.6 | 1.71 | 0.480 |
| | Cigarette smoking | | No | 1 | | | | | Yes | 1.67 (0.79, 3.49) | 81.9 | 37.66 | 0.177 |
| | Lifting heavy objects | | No | 1 | | | | | Yes | 1.49 (1.13, 1.96) | 47.7 | 11.48 | 0.005 |
| | Sleeping disturbance | | No | 1 | | | | | Yes | 2.07 (1.23, 3.47) | 85 | 20.04 | 0.006 |
| | History of back trauma | | No | 1 | | | | | Yes | 3.46 (2.11, 5.67) | 65.8 | 8.77 | ≤0.001 |
| | Job satisfaction | | Yes | 1 | | | | | No | 1.06 (0.47, 2.37) | 96.3 | 134.09 | 0.892 |
| | Previous medical history of MSD | | No | 1 | | | | | Yes | 5.06 (2.86, 8.96) | 35.4 | 1.55 | ≤0.001 |
| | Employment status | | Permanent | 1 | | | | | Temporary | 0.82 (0.40, 1.66) | 84.5 | 12.88 | 0.580 |
| | Adequate rest interval at work | | Yes | 1 | | | | | No | 1.86 (1.37, 2.53) | 54.8 | 8.88 | ≤0.001 |
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Value shows a significant association at a significance level of 0.05; POR: pooled odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; I2: heterogeneity test score. |
