Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Drinking Water in Wegeda Town, Northwest Ethiopia
Table 4
Association between the level of bacterial contamination (fecal coliform counts and presence of E. coli) of drinking water with sociodemographic characteristics of the participant and some other risk factors in Wegeda town, 2018/19.
Risk factors
Categories
Intermediate risk (%)
Low risk number (%)
Total number (%)
χ2 ( value)
Sociodemographic characteristics of the households
Age of the respondents
18–30
2 (18.18)
9 (81.80)
11 (18.3)
3.73 (0.155)
31–50
17 (51.51)
16 (48.48)
33 (55)
>50
7 (43.75)
9 (56.25)
16 (26.7)
Educational status of the family head
No schooling
11 (78.57)
3 (21.42)
14 (23.33)
9.96 (0.019)
Primary school
10 (34.48)
19 (65.51)
29 (48.33)
Secondary school
4 (36.36)
7 (63.63)
11 (18.33)
College and above
1 (16.66)
5 (83.33)
6 (10)
Occupation of the family head
Farming
10 (90.90)
1 (9.10)
11 (18.33)
13.04 (0.005)
Daily Laborer
4 (44.44)
5 (55.55)
9 (15)
Gov. employee
7 (30.43)
16 (69.56)
23 (38.33)
Merchant
5 (29.41)
12 (70.58)
17 (28.33)
Family income in ETB Birr
<2000
6 (100)
0
6 (10)
13.79 (0.008)
2001–3000
6 (60)
4 (40)
10 (16.7)
3001–4000
9 (42.85)
12 (57.14)
21 (35)
4001–5000
3 (17.64)
14 (82.35)
17 (28.33)
>5000
2 (33.33)
4 (66.66)
6 (10)
Family size
2–4
11 (52.38)
10 (47.61)
21 (35)
4.46 (0.108)
5
3 (20)
12 (80)
15 (25)
>5
12 (50)
12 (50)
24 (40)
Socioeconomic and behavioral factors
Source of drinking water
HDW
6 (40)
9 (60)
15 (25)
21.99 (<0.001)
PS
3 (20)
12 (80)
15 (25)
UPS
14 (93.33)
1 (6.66)
15 (25)
TW
3 (20)
12 (80)
15 (25)
Presence of toilet at home
Present
9 (24.32)
28 (75.67)
37 (61.7)
14.20 (<0.001)
Absent
17 (73.91)
6 (26.08)
23 (38.3)
Do you wash your hands after toilet with soap and water?
Yes
9 (23.07)
30 (76.92)
39 (65)
18.62 (<0.001)
No
17 (80.95)
4 (19.04)
21 (35)
Knowledge on drinking water handling
Do you take water by dipping the cup into the storage container?
Yes
18 (52.94)
16 (47.05)
34 (56.7)
2.95 (0.086)
No
8 (30.76)
18 (69.23)
26 (46.3)
Have you ever had information about water handling practice?
Yes
12 (40)
18 (60)
30 (50)
0 .27 (0.60)
No
14 (46.66)
16 (53.33)
30 (50)
Do you know that unclean container can contaminate drinking water
Yes
18 (29.62)
19 (70.37)
27 (45)
3.75 (0.053)
No
18 (54.54)
15 (45.45)
33 (55)
Do you know that uncovered container can contaminate drinking water?
Yes
15 (32.60)
31 (67.39)
46 (76.7)
9.23 (0.002)
No
11 (78.57)
3 (21.42)
14 (23.3)
Knowledge that unsanitary hand can contaminate drinking water
