Prevalence and Social and Built Environmental Determinants of Maternal Prepregnancy Obesity in 68 Major Metropolitan Cities of the United States, 2013–2016

Table 2

Differentials in sociodemographic risk factors for prepregnancy obesity and overweight analyses among US women in 68 major cities, United States, 2013–2016 (N = 3,083,600).

City of residence	Percentage of Asian/Pacific Islander population	Percentage of Black population	Percentage of Hispanic population	Percentage of population age <20 years	Percentage of population age ≥35 years	Percentage at parity 0 nulliparity	Percentage of women with parity ≥4	Percentage of unmarried mothers	Percentage of foreign-born mothers	Percentage of mothers with  < high school	Percentage of college graduates
Albuquerque, NM	3.1	2.5	56.8	7.2	13.7	39.2	4.2	47.2	15.6	15.6	28.2
Anaheim, CA	14.6	2.4	65.1	6.6	18.7	37.2	5.0	41.4	49.3	22.8	21.8
Anchorage, AK	16.6	6.5	10.3	5.0	14.3	39.1	6.6	32.1	17.6	8.5	30.7
Arlington, TX	5.9	24.1	37.9	7.7	14.9	39.4	5.1	43.8	35.2	18.3	22.7
Atlanta, GA	6.0	51.9	13.3	6.0	20.0	41.2	6.8	51.1	22.7	17.0	43.2
Aurora CO	7.6	18.3	31.6	5.8	17.1	37.9	4.9	26.1	34.0	17.4	27.3
Austin, TX	8.5	7.7	43.9	5.9	21.3	42.8	4.5	35.4	33.3	19.8	42.3
Baltimore, MD	3.2	61.2	8.7	8.3	14.1	40.6	6.8	63.7	15.4	20.0	26.9
Birmingham, AL	2.4	60.0	8.0	7.3	11.7	38.5	5.1	57.5	11.8	15.5	27.8
Boston, MA	9.4	25.1	23.9	3.3	25.2	51.3	3.6	38.3	40.6	12.0	49.3
Buffalo, NY	6.6	39.7	13.8	9.9	11.8	39.1	7.9	65.3	17.1	23.8	20.0
Charlotte, NC	9.2	35.6	19.7	5.2	18.5	42.7	4.6	42.3	29.4	17.5	40.4
Chicago, IL	6.9	30.8	31.8	7.2	20.0	41.4	5.2	48.9	28.0	17.6	36.3
Cincinnati, OH	3.5	44.7	6.1	7.4	13.1	38.3	7.3	58.6	12.1	17.6	29.1
Cleveland, OH	2.3	58.4	11.6	11.4	9.1	36.5	8.4	77.1	8.9	26.4	10.6
Colorado Springs, CO	4.4	8.0	22.5	5.6	12.7	40.9	4.2	23.8	14.8	9.7	29.7
Columbus, OH	6.0	36.0	7.9	6.3	13.8	39.2	7.6	47.7	23.8	17.8	30.3
Corpus Christi, TX	2.2	3.2	68.7	10.5	11.5	36.7	5.5	53.9	11.0	18.7	17.5
Dallas, TX	4.2	23.2	50.5	9.3	15.2	44.2	5.1	51.3	37.7	24.3	22.8
Denver, CO	4.8	10.4	35.2	5.1	21.9	43.9	4.5	22.1	27.8	15.3	43.5
Detroit, MI	1.4	81.3	9.6	11.1	10.4	34.8	10.1	80.1	10.6	26.4	5.6
El Paso, TX	1.9	4.0	80.8	10.7	11.1	38.4	4.1	43.9	28.6	17.3	20.2
Fort Worth, TX	4.6	18.5	42.1	8.2	13.5	36.1	6.6	43.7	28.6	21.7	23.2
Fresno, CA	15.8	7.8	56.1	8.6	13.2	32.1	9.9	54.8	27.2	23.5	15.8
Houston, TX	7.7	21.9	52.2	8.1	15.8	38.0	5.7	47.3	44.5	29.3	25.1
Indianapolis, IN	4.5	31.0	14.2	8.3	11.9	39.8	6.8	54.0	18.9	22.1	25.8
Jacksonville, FL	5.5	37.2	10.2	5.9	13.4	39.2	5.3	47.8	17.6	12.5	25.3
Kansas City, MO	3.8	33.7	12.0	6.7	13.4	38.7	6.8	48.0	15.5	15.6	31.3
Las Vegas, NV	10.3	15.2	40.7	6.5	16.1	36.9	6.8	49.2	33.0	22.7	18.7
Lexington, KY	4.9	16.4	11.6	5.2	16.0	41.6	4.1	37.9	19.4	13.0	42.6
Long Beach, CA	14.4	13.3	52.7	5.9	19.6	41.0	4.8	49.1	32.4	19.7	25.7
Los Angeles, CA	9.4	8.5	61.1	6.1	23.1	40.2	5.0	48.8	46.2	25.3	26.9
Louisville, KY	3.6	27.3	5.7	8.0	12.5	43.9	4.4	47.8	12.7	12.7	32.5
Memphis, TN	1.9	71.5	10.2	11.1	10.0	34.7	9.1	71.9	12.0	22.7	16.1
Mesa, AZ	2.7	4.4	35.7	6.3	13.3	34.7	8.3	43.0	19.7	17.3	22.1
Miami, FL	1.2	32.6	55.5	5.5	19.3	42.5	4.5	58.3	60.9	14.2	19.7
Milwaukee, MN	6.5	48.4	20.6	9.3	11.9	34.2	9.8	67.0	17.7	22.7	17.4
Minneapolis, MN	7.8	30.4	12.0	4.5	21.3	41.9	8.7	39.9	31.0	20.3	43.7
Nashville, TN	4.7	30.0	14.7	5.9	14.7	40.8	4.4	41.5	26.6	18.8	35.4
New Orleans, LA	2.9	61.7	7.7	6.2	15.8	40.5	6.6	60.9	9.8	16.5	32.7
New York, NY	17.1	20.4	30.0	3.6	23.8	43.8	5.4	40.2	52.6	19.0	36.1
Newark, NJ	1.9	47.2	43.7	7.1	16.9	35.2	5.5	69.5	46.6	24.4	12.6
Norfolk, VA	3.8	46.6	9.2	6.4	10.1	42.5	5.8	46.4	10.7	10.5	22.3
Oakland, CA	19.2	21.5	31.2	4.3	27.9	46.0	3.7	40.6	38.3	19.0	38.4
Oklahoma City, OK	4.1	19.7	28.4	9.0	11.5	37.5	6.8	47.6	23.9	23.5	21.9
Omaha, NE	6.4	16.4	19.3	5.7	14.3	36.8	6.8	39.7	22.7	16.9	35.8
Philadelphia, PA	7.6	44.9	18.1	7.7	14.8	40.2	6.1	61.0	22.2	16.4	26.2
Phoenix, AZ	4.4	8.6	53.3	8.5	14.5	35.2	8.4	52.7	32.2	27.6	19.9
Pittsburgh, PA	4.2	34.0	2.3	5.2	15.5	44.5	4.5	52.5	8.7	8.4	40.3
Portland, OR	11.4	8.1	13.2	3.3	27.7	46.2	3.9	30.5	25.9	11.5	49.5
Raleigh, NC	5.3	30.4	18.2	4.5	20.6	43.0	4.1	36.3	26.1	14.2	46.8
Riverside, CA	5.5	5.2	65.4	6.7	14.8	36.4	5.9	44.7	29.6	20.6	19.0
Sacramento, CA	21.2	15.5	30.1	5.5	16.4	37.7	6.8	45.4	30.7	12.8	24.5
San Antonio, TX	3.4	6.8	68.0	9.1	13.0	36.6	6.4	46.7	20.2	20.0	21.1
San Diego, CA	18.6	6.7	36.0	3.8	22.9	45.2	3.2	28.0	37.3	9.2	45.1
San Francisco, CA	33.9	4.9	18.3	1.5	38.3	55.1	1.4	22.9	45.9	8.2	65.4
San Jose, CA	36.9	2.6	39.1	3.7	24.9	42.5	3.1	30.1	54.4	12.8	44.5
Santa Ana, CA	7.9	0.4	84.7	7.9	17.9	33.6	6.4	49.2	54.8	33.3	12.0
Seattle, WA	17.9	11.9	9.3	1.3	33.0	52.1	3.0	20.1	31.2	7.2	65.6
St Louis, MO	3.8	54.3	4.5	7.3	12.9	41.4	7.1	58.6	11.5	17.4	29.6
St Paul, MN	27.7	23.5	9.0	5.5	16.3	36.2	9.7	47.4	35.9	19.0	31.9
Tampa, FL	4.8	26.8	30.0	5.8	15.0	40.4	5.2	51.8	29.0	12.9	27.9
Toledo, OH	1.6	33.1	10.6	8.9	8.9	36.4	6.3	63.6	5.2	19.1	16.7
Tulsa, OK	4.8	19.5	21.3	8.7	11.5	35.7	6.6	50.7	22.5	26.0	20.3
Tucson, AZ	3.7	5.4	53.3	7.5	13.2	37.7	5.6	50.3	23.1	19.6	21.2
Virginia Beach, VA	6.8	22.1	10.0	3.2	15.4	42.5	3.1	29.4	14.3	3.8	35.8
Washington, DC	4.7	50.6	12.8	5.6	25.5	46.8	4.4	49.0	25.5	14.3	46.6
Wichita, KS	4.8	13.5	21.2	8.3	11.1	35.5	7.0	46.5	17.1	16.8	25.9

Source: Data derived from the 2013–2016 US National Natality data files.