Prevalence and Social and Built Environmental Determinants of Maternal Prepregnancy Obesity in 68 Major Metropolitan Cities of the United States, 2013–2016
Table 3
Joint effect of maternal age and parity on prepregnancy obesity (BMI ≥30), overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25), and severe obesity (BMI ≥40) among women in 68 major cities, United States, 2013–2016 (N = 3,083,600).
Number of births
Prevalence percent
Prevalence ratio
Prepregnancy obesity
Maternal age <20 years
Parity 0 (nulliparity)
1,60,476
15.10
1.00
Reference
Parity 1–3
35,635
19.96
1.32
Parity 4+
93
24.73
1.64
Maternal age 20–39 years
Parity 0 (nulliparity)
10,59,867
18.52
1.00
Reference
Parity 1–3
15,45,945
26.38
1.42
Parity 4+
1,57,851
35.98
1.94
Maternal age ≥40 years
Parity 0 (nulliparity)
29,610
17.94
1.00
Reference
Parity 1–3
64,773
24.45
1.36
Parity 4+
17,702
37.08
2.07
Prepregnancy overweight/obesity
Maternal age <20 years
Parity 0 (nulliparity)
1,60,476
37.61
1.00
Reference
Parity 1–3
35,635
45.91
1.22
Parity 4+
93
51.61
1.37
Maternal age 20–39 years
Parity 0 (nulliparity)
10,59,867
41.58
1.00
Reference
Parity 1–3
15,45,945
53.53
1.29
Parity 4+
1,57,851
65.34
1.57
Maternal age ≥40 years
Parity 0 (nulliparity)
29,610
41.45
1.00
Reference
Parity 1–3
64,773
53.25
1.28
Parity 4+
17,702
70.04
1.69
Prepregnancy severe obesity
Maternal age <20 years
Parity 0 (nulliparity)
1,60,476
1.83
1.00
Reference
Parity 1–3
35,635
2.28
1.25
Parity 4+
93
5.38
2.94
Maternal age 20–39 years
Parity 0 (nulliparity)
10,59,867
3.25
1.00
Reference
Parity 1–3
15,45,945
4.67
1.44
Parity 4+
1,57,851
6.85
2.11
Maternal age ≥40 years
Parity 0 (nulliparity)
29,610
2.90
1.00
Reference
Parity 1–3
64,773
3.65
1.26
Parity 4+
17,702
5.29
1.82
Statistically significant at . Source: data derived from the 2013–2016 US National Natality data files.
