Research Article
Blood’s Concentration of Lead and Arsenic Associated with Anemia in Peruvian Children
Table 1
Descriptive statistics of study variables (N = 60).
| | | Mean (SD), n (%) or median (interquartile range, IQR) |
| | Child age (months) | 10.8 (4.7) |
| | Outpatient clinic | | A | 24 (40%) | | B | 17 (28%) | | C | 6 (10%) | | D | 13 (22%) |
| | Mother education level | | Elementary school | 8 (13%) | | High School/GED | 38 (64%) | | Some college education | 14 (23%) |
| | Health insurance | | Yes | 42 (70%) | | No | 18 (30%) |
| | Household income is enough to cover | | Less than basic needs | 18 (30%) | | Only basic needs | 37 (62%) | | More than basic needs | 5 (8%) |
| | Construction of house | | Clay | 2 (3%) | | Wood | 17 (28%) | | Cement-solid | 31 (52%) | | Other | 10 (17%) |
| | Floor type | | Soil-sand | 16 (27%) | | Cardboard | 1 (2%) | | Cement-solid | 40 (66%) | | Tile | 3 (5%) |
| | Sex of the child | | Female | 25 (42%) | | Male | 20 (33%) | | Unknown | 15 (25%) |
| | Feeding with breast milk | | Yes | 53 (88%) | | No | 7 (12%) |
| | Complementary foods | | Yes | 49 (82%) | | No | 11 (18%) |
| | Infant iron supplementation | | Yes | 33 (55%) | | No | 27 (45%) |
| | Infant drink herbal teas | | Yes | 43 (72%) | | No | 17 (28%) |
| | Infant anemia by age Hb < 10.5 g/dLa | | Yes | 8 (20%) | | No | 33 (80%) |
| | Infant microcytosis MCV < 70.0 fLa | | Yes | 22 (54%) | | No | 19 (46%) |
| | Infant hypochromia MCH < 23.0 pga | | Yes | 17 (42%) | | No | 24 (58%) |
| | Infant weight z-scoreb | 0.26 (1.22) |
| | Infant height z-scoreb | −0.16 (1.33) |
| | Infant BMI z-scoreb | 0.45 (1.23) |
| | Infant head circumference z-scorec | −1.29 (1.90) |
| | Infant blood lead concentration (μg/dL)d | 1.60 (IQR 1.72) |
| | Infant blood arsenic concentration (μg/L)d | 1.36 (IQR 0.71) |
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an = 41; bn = 44; cn = 43; dn = 42.
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