Prevalence and Phenotypic and Genotypic Resistance Mechanisms of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Clinical, Environmental, and Poultry Litter Samples from the Ashanti Region of Ghana

Figure 3

(a) Boronic acid test for detection of KPC-type carbapenemases (no synergy observed in the activity of meropenem in the presence of a KPC enzyme inhibitor-phenylboronic acid); D-test for detection of inducible AmpC β- lactamases (D-shaped inhibition zone of substrate antibiotic (ceftazidime and cefotaxime)). (b) Imipenem-EDTA synergy test for detection of metallo-β-lactamases production (enhancement of imipenem inhibition zone towards EDTA due to MBL inhibitory activity of EDTA). (c) Fluorescence of MDR P. aeruginosa on ethidium bromide incorporated Mueller-Hinton agar plates. IPM: imipenem; MEM: meropenem; CAZ: ceftazidime; CTX: cefotaxime; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. EtBr: ethidium bromide.

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