[Retracted] Income Uncertainty and Consumer Demand among Rural Residents Analysis Based on Optimisation of Household Consumption Utility

Table 2

Unit root test results for panel data.

Variables	Method
	test		test		Conclusion
	Test value	value	Test value	value
	1.914	0.972	7.3569	1.000	Nonstationary
	0.431	0.667	63.800	0.413	Nonstationary
	-1.189	0.117	51.999	0.814	Nonstationary
	3.610	0.999	2.491	1.000	Nonstationary
	5.429	1.000	41.725	0.978	Nonstationary
	13.692	1.000	7.910	1.000	Nonstationary
	-4.124	≤0.001	152.919	≤0.001	Stable
	-62.977	≤0.001	586.953	≤0.001	Stable
	-1.420	0.078	139.811	≤0.001	Stable
	-11.519	≤0.001	215.959	≤0.001	Stable
	-3.710	≤0.001	254.406	≤0.001	Stable
	-2.015	0.022	65.791	0.347	Stable

Note: indicates significance at the 10% level, indicates significance at the 5% level, indicates significance at the 1% level, and indicates first-order difference. The test of the first-order difference series of shows nonstationary, the test shows stationary, so the test with the same hypothesis as is added, and the test shows stationary (test value 78.692, ). The overall assessment is that is a first-order smooth series.