Research Article

[Retracted] Income Uncertainty and Consumer Demand among Rural Residents Analysis Based on Optimisation of Household Consumption Utility

Table 3

Panel cointegration tests for the variables used in Equation (8).

VariablesPanel cointegration test results

Explained variables Explanatory variables

Within-group statistics 0.312
2.248

-2.775

-3.068
Between groups statistics 3.969
-3.185

-5.396