Research Article
Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Resistance Genes in Isolates from Ghanaian Drinking Water Sources
Table 4
Antibiotic resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the water sources.
| | Isolate | Pattern of antibiotic resistance: (number of resistant strains per antibiotic) | Multiple resistances | | AMP | TET | COT | CRX | CHL | CTR | CTX | CIP | AMK | VAN | MEM | No. | % | MAR |
| | Acinetobacter spp. () | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 6.5 | 1.3 | | Citrobacter freundii () | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 4.2 | 0.8 | | Enterobacter spp. () | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 27 | 12.5 | 2.5 | | Escherichia coli () | 5 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 60 | 27.8 | 5.5 | | Klebsiella spp. () | 1 | 1 | 5 | 16 | 0 | 4 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 14 | 65 | 30.1 | 5.9 | | Proteus vulgaris () | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 2.8 | 0.5 | | Providencia spp. () | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.9 | 0.2 | | Pseudomonas aeruginosa () | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 19 | 8.8 | 1.7 | | Salmonella spp. () | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2.8 | 0.5 | | Vibro spp. () | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 3.7 | 0.7 | | Total | 12 (5.6) | 9 (4.2) | 13 (6.0) | 53 (24.5) | 1 (0.5) | 17 (7.9) | 46 (21.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (8.8) | 46 (21.3) | 216 | 100 | |
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Key: AMP: ampicillin; TET: tetracycline; CRX: cefuroxime; CHL: chloramphenicol; CTR: ceftriaxone; CTX: cefotaxime; CIP: ciprofloxacin; AMK: amikacin; VAN: vancomycin; MEM: meropenem.
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