Research Article

[Retracted] Judicial Application of Punitive Damages for Ecological Environment Infringement in Civil Public Interest Litigation

Table 4

Compensation standard.

Compensation modeType of responsibilityDiscretionary powerOperability

Fixed quotaCriminal fine liabilityLowerLow
Limit settingResponsibility for administrative punishmentHigherHigher
Unlimited amountResponsibility for administrative punishmentHigherHigher