[Retracted] Spatial Pattern Evolution and Influencing Factors on Industrial Agglomeration: Evidence from Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration

Table 5

Influencing factors of industrial agglomeration in Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration (total effects).

Variables	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
	Manufacturing	Producer services	Consumer services	Foreign-invested industries
Time-lag effect	0.623	0.836	1.057	0.851
	(10.36)	(22.83)	(18.77)	(16.96)
Spatial temporal dual lag effect	−1.251	−0.215	−0.130	0.00987
	(−4.60)	(−0.95)	(−0.49)	(0.05)
Economic scale	0.695	0.178	0.104	−0.0145
	(4.58)	(2.14)	(1.74)	(−0.14)
Transport facilities	−0.0630	−0.0101	0.134	−0.102
	(−1.30)	(−0.30)	(5.94)	(−2.23)
Government intervention	−0.0000572	0.151	0.0770	0.0281
	(−0.00)	(2.83)	(2.22)	(0.37)
Opening up	0.111	−0.0590	−0.101	0.126
	(3.09)	(−2.51)	(−5.61)	(3.23)
Regional innovation	0.0556	0.0372	−0.00602	0.0233
	(1.48)	(2.04)	(−0.22)	(0.67)
Urban environment	0.389	0.138	0.194	−0.0686
	(3.40)	(2.07)	(4.23)	(−0.72)
Spatial spillover effect
Wx economic scale	1.228	0.371	0.714	−0.0557
	(3.10)	(1.25)	(2.74)	(−0.15)
Wx transport facilities	0.894	0.605	1.232	−0.281
	(4.01)	(3.77)	(10.84)	(−1.37)
Wx government intervention	2.389	1.100	1.301	0.279
	(6.55)	(4.12)	(7.47)	(0.75)
Wx opening up	0.419	−0.0916	−0.101	0.332
	(3.81)	(−1.41)	(−1.96)	(2.97)
Wx regional innovation	0.126	0.0602	−0.0593	0.0856
	(1.02)	(1.00)	(−0.69)	(0.74)
Wx urban environment	2.879	0.431	1.383	0.309
	(7.06)	(1.90)	(8.46)	(0.98)
N	108	108	108	108
R^2	0.904	0.604	0.619	0.935

^∗, ^∗∗, and ^∗∗∗indicate significance at 10%, 5% and 1% levels, respectively. The values in parentheses are t-statistics.