[Retracted] The Ecological Consciousness of Natural Writing in British and American Romantic Literature
Table 1
Comparison of the characteristics of romanticism, realism, and modernism.
Background
Features
Represent
Romanticism
From the end of the 18th century to the 1830s, people were deeply disappointed with the “realm of reason” envisioned by enlightenment thinkers and struggled to find new spiritual sustenance
(1) Content: no longer deliberately highlights the rationality of human beings, but deeply explores the emotional world of human beings (2) Style: mainly imaginative ideas and ups and downs
“Notre Dame de Paris” by Hugo, France: “Prometheus Liberated” by Shelley, England: “Germany, a Winter’s Fairy Tale” by Heine Deutsche
Reality Lord
After the 1830s, the social contradictions in European and American capitalist countries became increasingly acute
Pays attention to social issues, typically reproduces social features, deeply analyzes the nature of social life, and exposes and criticizes social evils
French Balzac’s “Human Comedy”; Russia’s Leo Tolstoy’s “Anna Karenina”, etc.
Modernism
The two world wars, the capitalist world economic crisis in the 1930s, and serious social problems showed the social spiritual crisis
Concentrated self-expression: bizarre creative techniques: Blurred story background, unclear causal relationship, language style deviating from biography
The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway and Waiting for Godot by Beckett