Contribution of Illicit Drug Use to Pharmaceutical Load in the Environment: A Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa

Table 4

Identified illicit drugs in South African wastewater.

Substance	Illicit drug (mg/day/1000 inhabitants)		References
	WWT1	WWT2
MDMA	0–2.23	0.5–65
Methamphetamine	15–45	140–250
Mephedrone	-	7.6
06-MAM	-	2.09–5.54
Cocaethylene	0–16	5–80	[124]
Cocaine	2–6	10–40
Benzoylecgonine	6–17	38–78
Amphetamine	0.7–1.4	4–12
HMMA	0–0.25	0.7–2.5

MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; 06-MAM, 6-monoacetylmorphine; Bdl, below detection limit; WWT, wastewater treatment.