[Retracted] Synergistic Effect Analysis of Ecological Protection and Environmental Law and Ecological Civil Code

Table 1

Definition of “damage” in the separate law on environmental protection.

Environmental Protection Single Act	Clause	Specific contents
Air Pollution Prevention And Control Law (2018 Amendment)	Article 125	If the discharge of air pollutants causes damage, it shall bear tort liability according to law.
Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law	Article 102	Water pollution refers to the change of chemical, physical, biological, or radiological characteristics of water body due to the intervention of certain substances, thereby affecting the effective use of water, endangering human health or destroying the ecological environment, resulting in the deterioration of water quality.
Marine Environmental Protection Law	Article 94	Marine environmental pollution damage refers to the direct or indirect introduction of substances or energy into the marine environment, resulting in harmful effects such as damage to marine biological resources, harm to human health, damage to fisheries, and other legal activities at sea, damage to the quality of seawater use, and impairment of environmental quality.