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| Dimension | Substage | Descriptions | References |
|
| Government policy (PO) | Design and development stage | Government departments provide financial subsidies to departments that adopt low-carbon design solutions (PO1) | [3, 6, 18] |
| Production stage | Tax breaks by government departments for component manufacturers that meet carbon emission standards (PO2) |
| Transportation stage | Government departments set carbon emission standards and implement incentives and penalties for different sizes of components and different modes of transportation (PO3) |
| Installation stage | Government departments set carbon emission standards and implement incentives and penalties for construction sites of different sizes (PO4) |
|
| Management mode (MA) | Design and development stage | Design and development units cultivate low carbon and environmental awareness among professionals (MA1) | [6, 18, 19, 26] |
| Production stage | The enterprises set consumption standards for the production of unit parts and implement them to individuals (MA2) |
| Component manufacturers require production workers to meet proficiency standards for operating low-carbon equipment and technology (MA3) |
| Transportation stage | Flexible selection of low-carbon and energy-saving loading and unloading solutions according to the size and other characteristics of the parts during transportation (MA4) |
| Fully consider the transportation route height limit, load limit, and other factors, and set a low-carbon feasible transportation plan for the transportation of components (MA5) |
| Installation stage | Contractors reduce unnecessary waste by optimizing the scheduling plan for manpower, materials, and machinery at the construction site (MA6) |
| Contractors reasonably arrange the stacking position of the components to avoid secondary transportation (MA7) |
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| Technology level (TE) | Design and development stage | Incorporate low-carbon technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) into design solutions (TE1) | [2, 3, 19] |
| Production stage | Component manufacturers rely on technologies such as 3D printing and BIM to ensure the quality of components to reduce waste (TE2) |
| Component manufacturers use technologies such as robotic production to standardize the production process of components (TE3) |
| Installation stage | Contractors adopt advanced recycling technologies for waste components and materials to reduce construction waste generation (TE4) |
| Contractors apply low-carbon advanced component connection technology to reduce on-site pouring (TE5) |
|
| Economy input (EC) | Design and development stage | Investing funds to accelerate new energy and technology research and development (EC1) | [3–5, 20] |
| Production stage | Introduction of advanced energy-saving production equipment by component manufacturers (EC2) |
| Transportation stage | Component transport units adopt new transport methods that use clean energy (EC3) |
| Installation stage | Contractors introduce advanced energy-saving construction equipment (EC4) |
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| Energy structure (EN) | Design and development stage | Design and development units incorporate the use of clean energy as a power source into the design solution (EN1) | [6, 25, 29] |
| Production stage | Component manufacturers optimize the structure of materials used for high carbon emission components (EN2) |
| Installation stage | Contractors choose to use of building materials with carbon sequestration effect (EN3) |
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