Groundwater Quality Assessment in Urban Areas of Malawi: A Case of Area 25 in Lilongwe

Table 4

Concentrations of cations and metals in the sampled water.

Sample ID	Ca (mg/L)	Mg (mg/L)	Na (mg/L)	K (mg/L)	Fe (mg/L)	As (mg/L)	Pb (mg/L)
P1	27.877	39.281	3.161	bdl	0.22	bdl	bdl
P2	132.122	63.725	6.255	bdl	0.06	bdl	bdl
P3	81.104	83.704	16.885	bdl	0.15	bdl	bdl
P4	37.897	101.489	2.317	bdl	0.27	bdl	bdl
P5	4.628	76.317	0.8	bdl	0.12	bdl	bdl
P6	4.393	26.904	0.277	bdl	0.03	bdl	bdl
P7	5.602	22.137	14.476	bdl	0.08	bdl	bdl
P8	27.280	113.021	15.633	bdl	0.09	bdl	bdl
P9	154.580	34.081	12.611	bdl	0.18	bdl	bdl
P10	69.313	93.406	13.147	bdl	0.11	bdl	bdl
Mean	54.48 ± 53.8	65.41 ± 33.0	8.54 ± 6.6	—	0.131 ± 0.1	—	—
MBS	100	50	150	12	0.2	—	—
WHO	75–200	50–150	500	—	0.3	0.01	0.01

Below detection limit (bdl).