Ameliorative Potential of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) following Repeated Coexposure with Fluoride and Dimethoate in Blood and Brain of Wistar Rats

Table 5

Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Z. officinale on toxicity induced by fluoride and dimethoate alone and in combination with brain antioxidant system in Wistar rats.

Groups	SOD	GPx	GR	AOPP	MDA
Control	846.48^b ± 26.99	236.12^b ± 14.84	32.30^b ± 3.84	1.36^b ± 0.05	50.53^b ± 2.32
1/10 LD50 DM	386.44^a ± 8.16	125.63^a ± 4.29	18.74^a ± 1.18	1.77^c ± 0.22	253.41^d ± 17.09
Fluoride (4.5 ppm)	358.61^a ± 10.49	115.35^a ± 3.64	16.82^a ± 0.66	1.92^c ± 0.21	143.21^c ± 8.52
DM (1/10) + fluoride (4.5 ppm)	237.08^c ± 10.61	68.09^d ± 4.66	12.52^d ± 0.49	2.88^d ± 0.21	374.33^e ± 28.51
ZO extract (300 mg/kg)	793.57^b ± 29.71	249.82^bc ± 18.39	28.68^b ± 3.02	1.07^a ± 0.08	46.60^ab ± 7.22
ZO extract (300 mg/kg) + DM (1/10 LD50)	802.56^b ± 40.45	278.47^c ± 17.28	35.38^c ± 5.16	1.21^ab ± 0.12	54.05^b ± 3.70
ZO extract (300 mg/kg) + F^− (4.5 ppm)	828.83^b ± 45.92	232.84^bc ± 11.62	30.91^bc ± 3.36	1.16^ab ± 0.07	69.64^b ± 4.69
ZO extract (300 mg/kg) + DM (1/10 LD50) + F^− (4.5 ppm)	801.05^b ± 18.75	234.62^bc ± 7.42	30.43^bc ± 2.88	1.13^ab ± 0.04	47.04^ab ± 3.00
Quercetin (100 mg/kg) + DM (1/10 LD50) + F^− (4.5 ppm)	706.67^b ± 26.96	253.87^bc ± 12.62	20.33^a ± 1.67	1.39^ab ± 0.08	37.21^a ± 2.99

Values are given as mean ± SE of 6 animals unless otherwise stated. Values having different superscripts (a, b, and c) in a column are statistically different from one another at a 5% level of significance. Values of SOD (superoxide dismutase) are expressed in units/g of tissue. Values of GR (glutathione reductase) are expressed in nmol of NADPH/min. GPx (glutathione peroxidase) is expressed in units/g of tissue. Values of the advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) are expressed in μM of chloramine-T. Values of malondialdehyde (MDA) are expressed in nmol of MDA formed/g/h.