Research Article

Using the Integration of Discrete Event and Agent-Based Simulation to Enhance Outpatient Service Quality in an Orthopedic Department

Table 1

Validation of simulation model by a comparison between simulated and collected data.

Simulation modelConfidence interval Collected dataDifference (%)

Consultation session variable 1
 Average waiting time (minute)124.36[105.08, 143.64]121.772.083
 Average throughput time (minute)132.54[120.27, 144.81]134.121.192
 Average utilization (%)92.16[76.26, 106.06] 93.511.46
Consultation session variable 2
 Average waiting time (minute)122.57[100.66, 144.48]125.982.78
 Average throughput time (minute)129.92[118.53, 141.31]131.451.18
 Average utilization (%)88.56[74.54, 102.58] 84.971.79
Consultation session variable 3
 Average waiting time (minute)77.75[48.84, 106.68] 75.413.00
 Average throughput time (minute)85.47[71.45, 99.49] 86.681.42
 Average utilization (%)85.63[54.95, 116.31] 82.783.33
Consultation session variable 4
 Average waiting time (minute)65.15[49.37, 80.93] 66.131.50
 Average throughput time (minute)72.31[50.4, 94.22] 74.142.53
 Average utilization (%)91.53[76.19, 106.87] 90.231.42
Consultation session variable 5
 Average waiting time (minute)81.36[61.64, 101.08] 79.652.10
 Average throughput time (minute)89.37[71.23, 107.51] 90.981.80
 Average utilization (%)87.67[72.24, 103.1] 86.361.49
Consultation session variable 6
 Average waiting time (minute)116.3[107.01, 125.59]117.240.81
 Average throughput time (minute)137.0[126.92, 147.08]138.381.01
 Average utilization (%)91.7[70.66, 112.74] 89.682.20
Consultation session variable 7
 Average waiting time (minute)85.1[66.79, 103.41] 86.761.95
 Average throughput time (minute)102.0[86.97, 117.03]103.511.48
 Average utilization (%)92.6[88.66, 96.54] 92.570.03
Consultation session variable 8
 Average waiting time (minute)145.3[137.41, 153.19]144.120.81
 Average throughput time (minute)156.0[137.33, 174.67]158.981.91
 Average utilization (%)95.5[78.85, 112.15] 93.971.60
Consultation session variable 9
 Average waiting time (minute)75.3[59.43, 91.17]74.121.57
 Average throughput time (minute)90.0[72.66, 107.34]88.321.87
 Average utilization (%)91.8[66.47, 117.13]94.212.63
Consultation session variable 10
 Average waiting time (minute)122.1[115.08, 129.12]122.970.71
 Average throughput time (minute)130.63[117.6, 143.66]132.451.39
 Average utilization (%)89.84[75.2, 104.48] 88.411.59
Consultation session variable 11
 Average waiting time (minute)151.51[136.08, 166.94]154.011.65
 Average throughput time (minute)159.83[145.63, 174.03]157.631.38
 Average utilization (%)96.09[74.09, 118.09]98.34−2.34
Consultation session variable 12
 Average waiting time (minute)82.82[72.5, 93.14] 83.681.04
 Average throughput time (minute)95.52[74.39, 116.65] 97.662.24
 Average utilization (%)94.21[71.71, 116.71] 91.962.39