Comparison of Healthcare Workers Transferring Patients Using Either Conventional Or Robotic Wheelchairs: Kinematic, Electromyographic, and Electrocardiographic Analyses
Table 2
Peak ROM on motion analysis during transfer.
CWC
RWC
95% CI
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
Lumbar flexion
35.6
12.7
35.8
12.6
−5.332
−
5.012
0.946
Lumbar lateral flexion
15.0
12.3
13.0
4.7
−7.508
−
11.646
0.637
Lumbar rotation
5.9
2.6
7.9
3.6
−5.960
−
1.920
0.276
Thoracic spine flexion
12.7
5.9
18.5
9.5
−12.824
−
1.282
0.097
Thoracic spine lateral flexion
13.7
7.4
13.7
3.4
−5.998
−
5.880
0.983
Thoracic spine rotation
12.6
5.4
13.0
5.2
−6.479
−
5.523
0.861
Elbow flexion
Left
61.9
28.8
57.7
14.3
−10.540
−
18.880
0.537
Right
63.1
19.5
79.8
13.7
−38.339
−
4.899
0.114
Shoulder flexion
Left
72.7
16.1
57.1
12.7
1.780
−
29.380
0.031
Right
65.9
11.1
52.4
12.4
2.254
−
24.866
0.024
Shoulder abduction
Left
24.3
11.5
48.3
12.1
−35.345
−
−12.503
0.001
Right
35.6
18.2
30.7
12.8
−11.773
−
21.409
0.528
Shoulder rotation
Left
48.0
16.2
53.4
48.6
−38.067
−
27.267
0.717
Right
34.5
14.3
63.0
16.7
−44.785
−
−12.135
0.003
Hip flexion
Left
71.6
10.4
83.9
19.9
−28.408
−
3.848
0.119
Right
77.1
9.1
79.8
20.1
−17.129
−
11.629
0.675
Hip abduction
Left
28.5
10.4
19.8
15.4
−5.508
−
22.816
0.200
Right
24.6
8.5
24.5
7.5
−7.859
−
7.999
0.985
Hip rotation
Left
29.8
11.5
22.9
13.5
−0.946
−
14.628
0.078
Right
28.8
11.6
22.0
14.8
−9.111
−
22.663
0.360
Knee flexion
Left
63.2
9.1
97.1
7.5
−44.803
−
−22.977
0.000
Right
71.0
15.5
83.9
29.4
−39.001
−
13.153
0.291
Ankle dorsiflexion
Left
20.1
7.7
20.0
12.3
−9.885
−
9.953
0.994
Right
27.2
12.9
29.4
12.3
−16.824
−
12.306
0.734
Ankle abduction
Left
27.5
10.3
15.8
8.3
1.718
−
21.574
0.026
Right
23.4
8.7
19.3
6.6
−4.326
−
12.386
0.304
ROM, range of motion; CWC, conventional wheel chair; RWC, robotic wheel chair.
