Comparison of Healthcare Workers Transferring Patients Using Either Conventional Or Robotic Wheelchairs: Kinematic, Electromyographic, and Electrocardiographic Analyses

Table 3

%MVC on EMG analysis during transfer.

	CWC		RWC		95% CI
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Biceps muscle right side	65.6	31.6	34.9	29.8	13.167	−	48.179	0.003
Biceps muscle left side	62.7	37.0	90.1	44.0	−53.197	−	−1.603	0.040
Upper back muscles right side	59.6	25.5	66.9	33.4	−30.139	−	15.459	0.485
Upper back muscles left side	66.9	34.4	35.2	20.6	17.214	−	46.102	0.001
Lower back muscles right side	48.4	18.9	56.7	22.0	−22.898	−	6.438	0.236
Lower back muscles left side	53.9	25.0	29.4	18.9	16.699	−	32.331	0.000
Vastus medialis muscle right side	41.9	33.3	15.2	16.1	0.391	−	53.016	0.047
Vastus medialis muscle left side	53.0	50.2	37.5	48.4	−18.916	−	50.010	0.334

%MVC, % maximum voluntary contraction; CWC, conventional wheel chair; RWC, robotic wheel chair.