Kids’ Perceptions toward Children’s Ward Healing Environments: A Case Study of Taiwan University Children’s Hospital

Table 6

Summary of two-way analysis of variance results regarding the effects of sex and age on children’s perception of the NTUCH healing environment.

Dependent variable (dimension)	Source	Type III sum of squares	df	Mean square error			Eta-squared	Post hoc comparisons
Emotions⁢	Sex	.278	1	.278	.832	.362	.002
	Age	4.070	3	1.357	4.054	.007	.030	7–9 > 13–15 years old; 7–9 > 16–18 years old
	Sex × age	1.976	3	.659	1.968	.118	.015
Space design	Sex	1.436	1	1.436	4.626	.032	.012	Girls > boys
	Age	3.243	3	1.081	3.482	.016	.026	7–9 > 16–18 years old
	Sex × age	2.302	3	.767	2.472	.061	.019
Interpersonal interaction⁢	Sex	.984	1	.984	1.991	.159	.005
	Age	8.437	3	2.812	5.690	.001	.042	7–9 > 13–15 years old; 7–9 > 16–18 years old; 10–12 > 13–15 years old; 10–12 > 16–18 years old
	Sex × age	3.668	3	1.223	2.474	.061	.019
Pleasant surroundings⁢	Sex	1.183	1	1.183	2.893	.090	.007
	Age	18.121	3	6.040	14.764	.000	.101	7–9 > 13–15 years old; 7–9 > 16–18 years old; 10–12 > 13–15 years old; 10–12 > 16–18 years old
	Sex × age	1.163	3	.388	.948	.417	.007
Overall perception⁢	Sex	.914	1	.914	3.276	.071	.008
	Age	5.889	3	1.963	7.034	.000	.051	7–9 > 13–15 years old; 7–9 > 16–18 years old; 10–12 > 16–18 years old
	Sex × age	2.013	3	.671	2.404	.067	.018

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