Research Article

Markov Chain-Based Acute Effect Estimation of Air Pollution on Elder Asthma Hospitalization

Table 5

Odds ratio (mean and 95% confidence interval) between the air pollution index and high elder asthma admission.

Odds ratioCounts of days exceeding the national standard
Primary standardSecond standard
123456123456

PM2.5Lag01.61 (1.31, 1.99)2.04 (1.82, 2.29)
Lag0-11.89 (1.26, 2.84)1.9 (1.61, 2.23)1.84 (1.65, 2.06)1.9 (1.67, 2.16)
Lag0–20.89 (0.56, 1.4)1.75 (1.37, 2.23)2.55 (2.18, 2.97)1.54 (1.37, 1.71)1.9 (1.69, 2.13)1.87 (1.61, 2.17)
Lag0–30.41 (0.23, 0.71)1.13 (0.85, 1.51)1.89 (1.53, 2.32)2.7 (2.35, 3.1)1.46 (1.31, 1.63)1.69 (1.51, 1.89)1.79 (1.57, 2.03)2.43 (2.06, 2.85)
Lag0–40.52 (0.15, 1.84)0.89 (0.64, 1.25)1.28 (1.02, 1.61)2.11 (1.74, 2.55)2.83 (2.49, 3.22)1.27 (1.14, 1.42)1.52 (1.36, 1.7)1.7 (1.51, 1.92)2.05 (1.79, 2.35)2.88 (2.4, 3.47)
Lag0–50.26 (0.05, 1.38)0.72 (0.45, 1.16)1.25 (0.94, 1.65)1.66 (1.32, 2.07)2 (1.69, 2.37)3.03 (2.69, 3.43)1.2 (1.07, 1.35)1.33 (1.19, 1.48)1.58 (1.41, 1.77)2.04 (1.8, 2.31)2.53 (2.17, 2.95)3.32§(2.71, 4.06)
Lag03.13 (1.67, 5.86)1.69 (1.48, 1.93)

PM10Lag0-1NA1.82 (1.39, 2.38)1.86 (1.65, 2.09)1.37 (1.16, 1.63)
Lag0–2NA3.34§ (1.33, 8.38)1.99 (1.59, 2.48)1.63 (1.45, 1.82)1.69 (1.47, 1.94)1.81 (1.48, 2.21)
Lag0–3NA2.68 (0.43, 16.84)1.89 (1.26, 2.84)2.65 (2.14, 3.3)1.83 (1.64, 2.05)1.54 (1.35, 1.74)2.01 (1.71, 2.37)2.07 (1.63, 2.62)
Lag0–4NANA1.33 (0.67, 2.64)1.77 (1.31, 2.39)2.33 (1.95, 2.79)1.69 (1.51, 1.89)1.51 (1.34, 1.7)2.07 (1.8, 2.39)2.14 (1.77, 2.58)3.19 (2.43, 4.18)
Lag0–5NANA1.59 (0.23, 11.13)1.63 (0.98, 2.71)1.86 (1.42, 2.44)2.1 (1.8, 2.46)1.61 (1.44, 1.8)1.49 (1.33, 1.67)2.1 (1.84, 2.39)2.16 (1.84, 2.52)2.97 (2.39, 3.7)3.2 (2.32, 4.42)
Lag03.9 (1.27, 12.01)NA

SO2Lag0-14.02§ (2.26, 7.17)NANANA
Lag0–23.27 (2.19, 4.88)NANANANANA
Lag0–32.96 (2.17, 4.05)NANANANANANANA
Lag0–42.81 (2.17, 3.65)NANANANANANANANANA
Lag0–53.13 (2.51, 3.9)NANANANANANANANANANANA
Lag03.2 (2.32, 4.42)

NO2Lag0-12.97 (2.39, 3.7)1.65 (0.73, 3.72)
Lag0–22.87 (2.4, 3.42)2.82 (1.84, 4.33)1.92 (0.54, 6.79)
Lag0–32.44 (2.09, 2.86)3.58 (2.63, 4.86)2.23 (1.14, 4.38)NA
Lag0–42.37 (2.06, 2.73)3.51 (2.7, 4.55)3.16 (1.8, 5.18)0.95 (0.12, 7.63)NA
Lag0–52.04 (1.78, 2.33)3.77 (3.02, 4.71)3.89§(2.83, 5.34)2.61 (1.28, 5.33)NANA

Abbreviations are the same as in Table 1. §The biggest OR. — indicates no existence. NA means cannot be calculated.