Markov Chain-Based Acute Effect Estimation of Air Pollution on Elder Asthma Hospitalization

Table 7

Percent increase (mean and 95% confidence interval) in asthma hospital admission associated with a 10 μg/m³ increase in air pollutant concentrations by season and sex.

Sex	Season	PM2.5 (lag0–2)	PM10 (lag0–2)	SO2 (lag0-1)	NO2 (lag0–2)
Both	Both	0.82 (−0.24, 1.89)	0.5 (−0.29, 1.3)	7.27 (1.1, 13.82)	3.2 (−0.45, 6.98)
	Warm	4.72 (2.26, 7.23)	2.48 (0.98, 4.01)	3.53 (−8.6, 17.26)	−7.73 (−12.98, −2.16)
	Cold	0.94 (0.15, 1.74)	0.93 (0.31, 1.55)	9.18 (4.27, 14.32)	7.39 (4.26, 10.62)
Male	Both	−0.13 (−1.83, 1.59)	−0.12 (−1.39, 1.16)	2.95 (−6.47, 13.31)	0.77 (−5.34, 7.28)
	Warm	10.09 (6, 14.33)	4.84 (2.41, 7.33)	12.31 (−7.64, 36.56)	−1.06 (−9.79, 8.51)
	Cold	−0.02 (−1.26, 1.24)	0.28 (−0.7, 1.26)	1.95 (−5.07, 9.5)	3.28 (−1.4, 8.18)
Female	Both	1.38 (0.03, 2.75)	0.88 (−0.12, 1.89)	9.93 (1.95, 18.54)	4.71 (−0.31, 9.99)
	Warm	0.92 (−2.3, 4.25)	0.74 (−1.26, 2.78)	2.36 (−13.31, 20.85)	−11.39 (−18.04, −4.19)
	Cold	1.5 (0.44, 2.57)	1.32 (0.49, 2.16)	13.71 (6.87, 20.99)	9.31 (5.04, 13.76)

Abbreviations are the same as in Table 1. Cold season: from October to March; warm season: from April to September. ; .