Clinical Decision Support System for Diabetes Based on Ontology Reasoning and TOPSIS Analysis

Table 10

Ten virtual patients’ medical data.

ID	Age	Sex	x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7	has_History of Diseases	has_ADRs	z (method 1)	z (method 2)	Recommended antidiabetic medications
1	73	Female	3, 2, 3, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN	increasing_LDL-C, Edema	GLP-1	8.6	8.9	(1) Biguanides (0.775); (2) DPP-4 (0.540); (3) Insulins (0.384); (4) Sulfonylureas (0.270)
2	75	Female	3, 2, 4, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN	Heart_failure, increasing_LDL-C	NaN	8.6	9.0	(1) Biguanides (0.788); (2) DPP-4 (0.549); (3) GLP-1 (0.536); (4) Insulins (0.376); (5) Sulfonylureas (0.248)
3	64	Female	2, 1, 2, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN	Bone_fractures, increasing_LDL-C	NaN	6.9	6.6	(1) Biguanides (0.788); (2) DPP-4 (0.549); (3) GLP-1 (0.536); (4) Insulins (0.376); (5) Sulfonylureas (0.248)
4	76	Female	4, 3, 3, 2, 1, NaN, NaN	increasing_LDL-C, Contraindications_CKD	DPP-4	8.8	7.8	(1) GLP-1 (0.631); (2) Insulins (0.445); (3) Sulfonylureas (0.369)
5	61	Female	4, 3, 2, 3, 2, NaN, NaN	Heart_failure, increasing_LDL-C, Contraindications_CKD, Weight_gain	NaN	8.6	7.8	(1) GLP-1 (0.534); (2) DPP-4 (0.466)
6	64	Female	2, 1, 1, NaN, NaN, 2, NaN	NaN	NaN	6.9	6.6	(1) Biguanides (0.731); (2) SGLT2 (0.648); (3) DPP-4 (0.619); (4) GLP-1 (0.586); (5) TZDs (0.549); (6) Sulfonylureas (0.377); (7) Insulins (0.365)
7	62	Male	2, 2, 3, NaN, NaN, 3, 1	Gastrointestinal_side_effects_abdominal_cramping, increasing_LDL-C	NaN	8.6	6.6	(1) DPP-4 (0.703); (2) GLP-1 (0.543); (3) Insulins (0.481); (4) Sulfonylureas (0.417)
8	81	Female	4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2	MI, increasing_LDL-C, Contraindications_CKD	DPP-4	8.6	9.0	(1) GLP-1 (0.631); (2) Insulins (0.445); (3) Sulfonylureas (0.369)
9	48	Female	1, 1, 2, 3, NaN, NaN, 1	Patient_reluctance_about_injection, increasing_LDL-C	NaN	7.9	6.6	(1) Biguanides (0.796); (2) GLP-1 (0.560); (3) DPP-4 (0.558); (4) Sulfonylureas (0.248)
10	56	Male	NaN, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, NaN	Weight_gain, increasing_LDL-C, Gastrointestinal_side_effects_nausea	TZDs	7.9	7.8	(1) Biguanides (0.687); (2) DPP-4 (0.313)