The Use of Optical Coherence Tomography in Dental Diagnostics: A State-of-the-Art Review

Table 3

OCT in endodontics in the last 5 years of publications.

Number	Reference number	Author	Title	Significance
(1)	[148]	de Oliviera et al.	Detection of apical root cracks using spectral domain and swept-source optical coherence tomography	The detection ability verified for both OCT systems renders them promising tools for the diagnosis of apical microcracks.
(2)	[149]	Brady et al.	A comparison of cone beam computed tomography and periapical radiography for the detection of vertical root fractures in nonendodontically treated teeth	Under the conditions of this ex vivo study, periapical radiographs and CBCT were unreliable for the detection of simulated incomplete VRFs. The widths of the fractures appeared to have an impact on the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT as the detection of VRFs of ≥50 μm was significantly higher than those of <50 μm. The detection of complete fractures was significantly higher for all systems than that of incomplete fractures.
(3)	[150]	Minamino et al.	Nondestructive observation of teeth post core space using optical coherence tomography: a pilot study	In the cementum absent group, the internal structure of the root could be visualized clearly compared with the cementum present group. The root internal structure could be observed by OCT and the image became clearer when cementum was removed.
(4)	[151]	Ding et al.	Application of optical coherence tomography to identify pulp exposure during access cavity preparation using an Er:YAG laser	Swept-source OCT is a useful tool for identifying pulp exposure during access opening with the Er: YAG laser.
(5)	[152]	Chavda R. et al.	Comparing in vivo diagnostic accuracy of digital periapical radiography with cone-beam computed tomography for the detection of vertical root fracture	Both DR and CBCT imaging have significant limitations when detecting vertical root fractures.
(6)	[153]	Iino et al.	Detection of a second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary molars by swept-source optical coherence tomography	SS-OCT imaging is noninvasive, involves no ionizing radiation, and is accurate for the detection of MB2 canals.
(7)	[154]	Majkut et al.	Validation of optical coherence tomography against micro-computed tomography for evaluation of remaining coronal dentin thickness	Further analysis indicated linear regression with a slope of 1.54 and no intercept, closely matching the bulk refractive index of dentin. OCT enables visualization of anatomic structures during deep caries excavation. Exposure of the vital dental pulp because of the removal of very thin remaining coronal dentin can be avoided with this novel noninvasive technique.
(8)	[155]	Minamino et al.	Nondestructive observation of teeth post core-space using optical coherence tomography: comparison with microcomputed tomography and live images	The resulting OCT images were superior for identifying gap formation at the interface, while μCTμCT images were better to grasp the tooth form. Continuous tomographic images from real-time OCT observation allowed successful construction of a video of the resin core build-up procedure.
(9)	[156]	Scotti et al.	Evaluation of composite adaptation to pulpal chamber floor using optical coherence tomography	Composite adaptation to the pulp chamber floor is fundamental for endodontic treatment outcome. Optical coherence tomography is the most noninvasive method to assess interfaces. Less interfacial gaps were observed when flowable resins were used. Any differences between conventional flow and bulk fill composite were shown.
(10)	[157]	Lee et al.	Activity assessment of root caries lesions with thermal and near-IR imaging methods	The PS-OCT algorithm for the automated assessment of remineralization successfully detected the highly mineralized surface layer on both natural and simulated lesions. Thermal imaging provided the most accurate diagnosis of root caries lesion activity. These results demonstrate that thermal imaging and PS-OCT may be ideally suited for the nondestructive root caries lesion activity during a clinical examination.
(11)	[39]	Shemesh et al.	Diagnosis of vertical root fractures with optical coherence tomography	OCT is a promising nondestructive imaging method for the diagnosis of VRFs.
(12)	[56]	Natsume et al.	Estimation of lesion progress in artificial root caries by swept source optical coherence tomography in comparison to transverse microradiography	The OCT showed a potential for quantitative estimation of lesion depth and mineral loss with cavitated dentin lesions in vitro.