Effect of Graded Facetectomy on Lumbar Biomechanics

Table 1

Material properties used for the different tissues in the finite element model.

Component	Elastic modulus (MPa)	Poisson ratio	References
Cortical bone	10,000	0.30	[16]
Cancellous bone (transverse isotropic)	200/140 (axial/radial)	0.45/0.315	[21]
Posterior bony structures	3,500	0.25	[14]
Ligaments	Nonlinear		[16]
Cartilage of endplate	Hyperelastic, neo-Hookean, C10 = 0.3448, D1 = 0.3
Nucleus pulposus	Incompressible		[16]
Ground substance of annulus fibrosis	Hyperelastic, neo-Hookean, C10 = 0.3448, D1 = 0.3		[22]
Fibers of annulus fibrosis	Stiffness decreased from the outer to the centre		[14]
Facet joint	Soft contact		[15]