How Arch Support Insoles Help Persons with Flatfoot on Uphill and Downhill Walking

Table 2

Parameter outcomes during uphill and downhill walking.

	Uphill walking		Downhill walking
	Arch support insole	Flat insole	Arch support insole	Flat insole
Heart rate (bpm)	141.4 ± 16.0	140.9 ± 14.4	103.6 ± 11.9	105.1 ± 12.6
Peak VO2 (mL min^−1 kg^−1)	20.7 ± 3.6^a	31.6 ± 5.5^a	10.9 ± 2.3^a	16.9 ± 4.2^a
MDF slope of muscles
Rectus femoris (Hz/min)	−1.90 ± 1.60^a	−0.83 ± 1.10^a	0.03 ± 1.17^b	−6.56 ± 23.07^b
Tibialis anterior (Hz/min)	−1.12 ± 1.67	−1.12 ± 1.03	−1.43 ± 1.84	−1.79 ± 2.08
Biceps femoris (Hz/min)	−1.23 ± 1.73	−1.21 ± 0.99	−0.79 ± 1.57	−1.54 ± 0.93
Gastrocnemius (Hz/min)	−1.38 ± 1.63	−1.03 ± 1.25	−1.34 ± 2.25	−2.01 ± 1.72

Significant difference was found between arch support insole and flat insole, . ^aBased on positive ranks. ^bBased on negative ranks. Note. A negative value of the MDF slope means a decrease of MDF.