Automatic Analysis of Lateral Cephalograms Based on Multiresolution Decision Tree Regression Voting

Table 1

Description of cephalometric landmarks.

Symbol	Description
N	Nasion
Ns	Soft tissue nasion
Prn	Pronasale
Cm	Columella
ANS	Anterior nasal spine
A	Subspinale
Sn	Subnasale
Ss/A′	Upper pit of lips
UL	Upper lip
Stoms	Stomion superius
Stomi	Stomion inferius
LL	Lower lip
Si/B′	Lower pit of lips
Pos	Soft tissue pogonion
Gs	Soft tissue gnathion
Mes	Soft tissue menton
Go	Gonion
Me	Menton
Gn	Gnathion
Pg	Pogonion
LIA	Mandibular joint midpoint
B	Supramental
Id	Infradentale
LI	Lower incisal incision
UI	Upper incisal incision
FA	Maxillary incisor’s facial axis
SPr	Superior prosthion
UIA	Root point of incisor
Or	Orbitale
Se	Internode of sphenoid wing with anterior cranial fossa
L6A	Root apex of mandibular first molar
UL5	Midpoint of tip of the second molar
L6E	Buccal apex of mandibular first molar
UL6	Midpoint of tip of first molar
U6E	Buccal apex of maxillary first molar
U6A	Root apex of maxillary first molar
PNS	Posterior nasal spine
Ptm	Pterygomaxillary fissure
S	Sella
Co	Condylion
Ar	Articulare
Ba	Basion
Bolton	Concave point of posterior incision of occipital condyle
P	Porion
ULI	Midpoint of lower incisor and upper incisor