Efficiency Analysis of Healthcare System in Lebanon Using Modified Data Envelopment Analysis

Table 2

Definition of variable used in the DEA model.

Variable	Role	Definition
Health expenditure, total (% of GDP)	Input (x1)	The sum of public and private health expenditure which covers health service provision (preventive and curative) but does not include provision of water and sanitation.
Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)	Input (x2)	Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers.
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)	Output (y1)	Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Maternal mortality ratio		—
Modeled estimate (per 100,000 live births)	Output (y2)	Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy termination.
Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)	Output (y3)	Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age.
Adults (aged 15+) and children (aged 0–14) newly infected with HIV	Output (y4)	Number of adults (aged 15+) and children (aged 0–14) newly infected with HIV.