Effect of Dropping Height on the Forces of Lower Extremity Joints and Muscles during Landing: A Musculoskeletal Modeling

Table 1

Effects of dropping height on the forces of the ankle, knee, and hip joints (unit: body weight, BW).

Joint	Direction	Low (32 cm)	Medium (52 cm)	High (72 cm)	F
Ankle	Vertical	16.95 ± 2.59	18.88 ± 3.46	23.98 ± 4.21	8.815	<0.001
	A-P	4.87 ± 0.96	5.19 ± 1.04	5.18 ± 1.11	1.562	0.252
	M-L	4.17 ± 0.88	4.23 ± 1.06	5.83 ± 0.96	2.204	0.147
Knee	Vertical	9.09 ± 2.09	11.5 ± 2.26	14.58 ± 2.17	6.895	0.004
	A-P	2.86 ± 0.74	5.23 ± 1.09	4.98 ± 1.32	1.785	0.204
	M-L	0.72 ± 0.31	0.75 ± 0.24	0.88 ± 0.32	7.307	0.007
Hip	Vertical	8.50 ± 2.53	9.49 ± 2.68	22.81 ± 4.69	10.208	<0.001
	A-P	3.49 ± 1.15	4.08 ± 1.68	11.9 ± 2.96	8.024	0.003
	M-L	3.74 ± 0.69	4.76 ± 1.12	12.56 ± 3.36	8.749	0.004

A-P: anterior-posterior; M-L: medial-lateral.