Research Article

Rehabilitation of Upper Limb in Children with Acquired Brain Injury: A Preliminary Comparative Study

Table 1

Kinematic variables computed for the horizontal and vertical task.

Horizontal taskVertical task

End-point (finger) metrics
Hand path ratio (Pgo) HPRgoA measure of how directly the hand moves toward the target, computed as the ratio between the length of the real subject’s hand (finger) path and the length of the theoretical or desired trajectory. This metric quantifies the movement efficiency.
Displacement along y-axis, Y-FDThe difference between the maximum and the minimum y coordinate during the whole movement, representing the vertical displacement of the finger.
Movement time (Pgo) MTgoTime from the onset to the offset of the going phase quantifies the movement speed and upper extremity function within the given task.
Target errorIt is a measure of the movement quality in terms of accuracy, computed as the maximum distance from the index finger to the target during the adjusting phase.
Mean velocity (Pgo) MVgoMean arm velocity attained during the going phase computed from the speed profile of the finger.
Number of velocity peaks (Tot), #VPtotIt is a quality measure of the movement smoothness computed from the speed profile of the finger during the whole movement.
Joint kinematics
Joint ROMsRange of motion for the elbow (flex-extension) and the shoulder (abduction-adduction and flex-extension) computed as the difference between the maximum and the minimum angle, considering the whole movement.
Mean angular velocity (MAV)Mean angular velocity during elbow flex-extension and shoulder abduction-adduction or flex-extension, during the going phase.
Trunk compensation
Trunk 3D path3D path length of the marker placed on the sternum
Displacement along z-axis (Pgo), Z-TDgoDisplacement of the marker placed on the sternum along the z-axis (towards the target) during the going phase. It quantifies trunk flexion.
Displacement along x-axis (Pgo), X-TDgoDisplacement of the marker placed on the sternum along the x-axis during the going phase. It quantifies trunk lateral bending.