Electrochemotherapy Effectiveness Loss due to Electric Field Indentation between Needle Electrodes: A Numerical Study

Figure 1

Schematic for modeling the tumor under study. From left to right, the target tumor, the geometrical parameters extraction and anatomical characterization, and the 3D insertion into the simulation environment. (a) A mast cell tumor in a 3-year-old male dog. The arrow indicates the modeled tumor. Scale: 10 mm. (b) Skin with three layers (stratum corneum with epidermis, dermis, and muscle), the tumor, and two representative electrode needles. (c) Approximated geometry and dimensional parameters of the tumor. (d) The three types of tested electrodes. (e) The 3D geometry model under study. The ellipsoid represents the tumor seeded on the skin layers, and the cylinders are the electrode needles.