Electrochemotherapy Effectiveness Loss due to Electric Field Indentation between Needle Electrodes: A Numerical Study

Figure 3

Typical options for the application of electrochemotherapy using (a) parallel plates, type I (b) parallel needles, type II, or (c) hexagonal needles, type III. Simulations show the electric field distribution for the minimum and sufficient applied voltage for electroporation (a) 75 kV/m, (b) 110 kV/m, and (c) 127.5 kV/m. The local electric field is in black and is insufficient for electroporation, the electroporated area is on gray, and the irreversible electroporated areas are in white. The arrows indicate electric field indentation close to the tumor edges.

(a)

(b)

(c)