An Application for Skin Macules Characterization Based on a 3-Stage Image-Processing Algorithm for Patients with Diabetes

Table 1

Characteristic feature values found for vascular, petechiae, trophic changes, and trauma macules.

Macule	Vascular ()	Petechiae ()	Due to trophic changes ()	Due to trauma ()
Morphologic properties
Area (pixels)	1010.29 ± 1893.99	18.50 ± 5.99	2152.90 ± 1541.85	2133.60 ± 3684.09
Major axis (pixels)	46.97 ± 48.96	6.48 ± 1.60	109.97 ± 54.13	59.08 ± 63.30
Minor axis (pixels)	23.76 ± 17.75	3.88 ± 1.08	30.67 ± 13.49	29.85 ± 24.87
Perimeter (pixels)	143.90 ± 154.46	15.83 ± 4.76	289.46 ± 116.72	166.16 ± 173.27
Solidity (%)	72.56 ± 12.76	88.00 ± 12.97	70.40 ± 11.96	79.87 ± 9.31
Intensity properties
Maximum intensity	0.55 ± 0.18	0.61 ± 0.14	0.47 ± 0.16	0.62 ± 0.13
Minimum intensity	0.35 ± 0.18	0.55 ± 0.14	0.28 ± 0.19	0.31 ± 0.21
Shade index
ShIR	0.90 ± 0.06	0.95 ± 0.03	0.88 ± 0.07	0.86 ± 0.08
ShIG	0.84 ± 0.08	0.90 ± 0.07	0.84 ± 0.09	0.74 ± 0.14
ShIB	0.82 ± 0.11	0.87 ± 0.09	0.84 ± 0.08	0.68 ± 0.15
ShIBR	0.87 ± 0.11	0.92 ± 0.04	0.87 ± 0.07	0.79 ± 0.10