Effect of Aging on the Lower Limb Kinematics in Karate Practitioners: Comparing Athletes and Their Senseis

Table 3

Mean and standard deviation of the temporal events of kinematic variables for VetK and YgK participants.

		RASIS	Hip	Knee	Ankle	Forefoot
Initial time (ms)	YgK	196 ± 59	219 ± 65	314 ± 77	365 ± 72	412 ± 62
	VetK	195 ± 62	224 ± 78	324 ± 67	384 ± 62	435 ± 56
Max. linear velocity time (ms)	YgK	510 ± 99	533 ± 85	533 ± 71^a	638 ± 77^a	617 ± 77^a
	VetK	539 ± 112	568 ± 89	578 ± 61	686 ± 64	668 ± 62
Max. linear acceleration time (ms)	YgK	503 ± 137^a	556 ± 151^a	647 ± 99^a	695 ± 78^a	692 ± 81^a
	VetK	591 ± 169	647 ± 147	712 ± 61	745 ± 66	746 ± 65
Max. angular velocity time (ms)	YgK		565 ± 261^a	497 ± 70^a	520 ± 188
	VetK		632 ± 237	540 ± 62	536 ± 158
Max. angular acceleration time (ms)	YgK		664 ± 90^a	465 ± 108^a	551 ± 128
	VetK		713 ± 70	496 ± 78	577 ± 136
Time to contact max. angular velocity (ms)	YgK		133 ± 256	201 ± 34	178 ± 167^a
	VetK		114 ± 213	206 ± 16	210 ± 140
Time to contact max. linear velocity (ms)	YgK	188 ± 95	165 ± 84	165 ± 34	60 ± 33^a	81 ± 37
	VetK	207 ± 90	178 ± 67	168 ± 14	60 ± 5	78 ± 7
Time to contact max. linear acceleration (ms)	YgK	195 ± 108	142 ± 118	51 ± 62	3 ± 23	6 ± 34
	VetK	155 ± 136	100 ± 111	34 ± 21	1 ± 7	0 ± 0
Time to contact max. angular acceleration (ms)	YgK		34 ± 39	233 ± 81	147 ± 96
	VetK		33 ± 34	250 ± 54	169 ± 111

Note: VetK = veteran karate practitioners; YgK = young karate practitioners. Values are mean ± sd. ^aStatistically significant differences between groups (α ≤ 0.05).