Smartphone-Based Remote Self-Management of Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study
Table 2
Comparisons of various outcomes between groups over time.
Outcome measure
Mean (SD)
Pretreatment
Midterm
Posttreatment
SM + PT
PT
SM + PT
PT
SM + PT
PT
VAS
5.00
1.87
6.00
1.00
4.00
2.55
6.67
0.58
3.40
2.88
6.00
1.73
PSEQ
38.60
8.50
34.30
8.02
46.80
6.26
33.30
3.79
47.60
7.13
30.70
5.51
RMDQ
6.00
3.74
12.00
3.61
5.20
2.78
12.30
4.16
4.40
3.05
11.70
5.69
SF36
Physical function
74.00
21.62
46.67
28.87
80.00
13.69
51.67
15.28
59.00
61.89
51.67
18.93
Role physical
20.00
20.92
16.67
14.43
45.00
37.08
8.33
14.43
45.00
37.08
25.00
43.30
Bodily pain
44.00
18.17
63.33
5.77
34.00
15.17
53.33
5.77
40.00
14.14
56.67
5.77
General health
49.00
11.40
58.33
20.21
48.00
10.37
61.67
12.58
50.00
7.91
65.00
5.00
Vitality
50.00
0.00
63.33
5.77
51.00
14.75
71.67
10.41
47.00
12.55
65.00
5.00
Social function
52.50
10.16
45.83
7.22
50.00
12.25
50.17
12.25
52.40
10.34
50.17
12.25
Role emotional
39.87
36.55
22.22
38.49
60.00
27.99
22.22
38.49
60.07
43.47
44.56
38.59
Mental health
58.40
13.15
66.67
2.31
52.00
13.86
62.67
10.07
51.20
13.97
56.00
10.58
VAS: Visual Analog Scale; PSEQ: Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; RMDQ: Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; SF36: Short Form Health Survey; SM + PT: self-management + physiotherapy; PT: physiotherapy.
