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| Year | Author | Data | Conclusion | Limitation |
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| 2017 | Nakayama et al. [83] | (1) The 3D bone model was derived from human bone digital anatomy media and only included the distal femur and proximal tibia | (1) The obliquity angle increases laterally directed shear stress
(2) An obliquity angle of 5° or more increases shear stress in the medial compartment; the maximum shear stress value in the medial cartilage increased from 1.6 MPa for the normal knee to 3.3, 5.2, and 7.2 MPa in the joint-line obliquity models with 5°, 7.5°, and 10° of obliquity, respectively | (1) Due to the data source, these results cannot be generalized and applied to all patients with osteoarthritis undergoing osteotomy
(2) The knee model used for the FEA omitted meniscus and unfirming the thickness of cartilage to avoid excessive complexity in calculation |
|
| 2017 | Zheng et al. [84] | (1) MRI data of a healthy participant.
(2) Gait analysis and force-platforms data during ten walking trials | (1) Providing a platform for noninvasive, patient-specific preoperative planning of the osteotomy for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis
(2) Balanced loading occurred at angles of 4.3° and 2.9° valgus for the femoral and tibial cartilage, respectively | (1) Did not consider the whole gait cycle
(2) Did not apply muscle forces within their individual lines of action.
(3) Simulation on a healthy knee with intact menisci. |
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| 2018 | Trad et al. [85] | The 3D model of the right lower limb was extracted from a 3D anonymous human skeleton | (1) The model agreed with the experimental and numerical results
(2) By changing the correction angle from 0 to 10 valgus, the von Mises and the shear stresses decreased in the medial compartment and increased in the lateral compartment
(3) A balanced stress distribution between two compartments was achieved under a valgus hypercorrection angle of 4.5 | (1) The use of the geometry of a knee model artificially created and not the one specifically developed for a pathological knee
(2) Without studying the dynamic behavior
(3) Neglecting the cancellous bone and the muscle forces
(4) All the knee components were considered as linearly homogeneous isotropic material |
|
| 2018 | Martay et al. [82] | (1) MRI data of three healthy subjects. 2. Marker trajectory data and GRF data during level walking | Correcting the weight-bearing axis to 55% tibial width (1.7°–1.9° valgus) optimally distributes medial and lateral stresses/pressures | (1) Simulation on healthy knees
(2) Using simple material behaviors
(3) Validating their model creation method using porcine specimens
(4) Without studying the dynamic behavior |
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