Investigation of Delayed Response during Real-Time Cursor Control Using Electroencephalography

Figure 1

Flow of a single trial. At the beginning of the trial, an initial position indicator (identified by the red circle on the first screen) appeared on the screen to allow the participant to fix the initial position of the movement. When the tracer (cyan pole) reached the initial position indicator, a new target (larger red circle on the second screen) appeared. After 1 s, a delay was applied to the tracer, but nothing changed on the screen. During this stage, the participant performed self-paced reaching. If the participant initialized in the stage without the delay, a “Wait more” message appeared on the screen and data for that trial were discarded. When the tracer reached the target, the target and the tracer disappeared and the participant was asked whether he or she perceived the delay, to which they needed to respond by pressing a corresponding key. This procedure was repeated for each trial.