Combined Effects of Graded Foraminotomy and Annular Defect on Biomechanics after Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Decompression: A Finite Element Study

Table 1

Material properties used in the present FE model.

Material	Young’s modulus (MPa)	Poisson’s ratio	Ref.
Cortical bone	10000	0.3	[22]
Cancellous bone			[23]
Joint facet cartilage	Neo–Hookean, ,		[24]
Annulus ground substance	Yeoh, , , ,		[25]
Annulus fiber	Stress-strain curve/calibrated curve		[26, 27]
Nucleus pulposus	Mooney–Rivlin, , ,		[28]
Cortical endplate	1000	0.3	[29]
Ligaments	Stress-strain curves/calibrated curves		[26, 30]