Combined Effects of Graded Foraminotomy and Annular Defect on Biomechanics after Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Decompression: A Finite Element Study

Table 2

Intervertebral rotation of L5–S1 for the intact model and different degrees of decompression.

Motions	Loading	Intact	LF-0	LF-25	LF-50	LF-75	LF-100
Flexion (°)	Pure moment	8.03	8.13	8.24	8.24	8.25	8.32
	Pre-FL	8.17	8.22	8.30	8.30	8.30	8.37
Extension (°)	Pure moment	5.19	5.39	5.39	5.41	5.41	5.47
	Pre-FL	5.51	5.78	5.79	5.88	5.89	6.02
Left lateral bending (°)	Pure moment	3.15	3.24	3.24	3.24	3.24	3.25
	Pre-FL	2.86	2.94	2.94	2.96	2.96	2.99
Right lateral bending (°)	Pure moment	3.37	3.41	3.41	3.41	3.41	3.41
	Pre-FL	3.10	3.07	3.07	3.07	3.07	3.07
Left axial rotation (°)	Pure moment	2.48	2.54	2.55	2.55	2.55	2.55
	Pre-FL	1.88	1.93	1.93	1.93	1.93	1.93
Right axial rotation (°)	Pure moment	2.84	2.91	2.98	3.04	3.12	3.68
	Pre-FL	2.30	2.25	2.29	2.34	2.40	3.21