Smoking Is a Risk Factor of Coronary Heart Disease through HDL-C in Chinese T2DM Patients: A Mediation Analysis
Table 2
Odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) of CHD for smoking in participants.
N (%)
Model A
Model B
Model C
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
Smoking
None (reference)
29 (20.9)
1
1
1
Yes
35 (25.2)
1.28 (0.73–2.24)
1.29 (0.69–2.40)
1.36 (0.72–2.58)
0.393
0.429
0.347
CPD
None (reference)
29 (20.9)
1
1
1
≤20 (day)
23 (21.7)
1.05 (0.57–1.95)
0.95 (0.48–1.90)
1.00 (0.49–2.04)
>20 (day)
12 (36.4)
2.17 (0.96–4.92)
3.00 (1.19–7.55)
3.09 (1.21–7.89)
for trend
0.127
0.076
0.05
Time of smoking
None (reference)
29 (20.9)
1
1
1
≤20 years
11 (15.7)
0.70 (0.33–1.50)
0.95 (0.41–2.21)
0.97 (0.41–2.29)
>20 years
23 (35.4)
2.06 (1.08–3.95)
1.51 (0.74–3.08)
1.59 (0.77–3.30)
for trend
0.058
0.294
0.243
Cumulative smoking
None (reference)
29 (20.9)
1
1
1
≤20 pack-years
11 (14.7)
0.65 (0.31–1.39)
0.70 (0.30–1.61)
0.74 (0.31–1.73)
>20 pack-years
24 (37.5)
2.28 (1.19–4.36)
2.08 (1.01–4.28)
2.21 (1.05–4.65)
for trend
0.032
0.060
0.026
Variables are included as continuous variables
None (reference)
1
1
1
CPD
1.02 (1.00–1.04)
1.03 (1.00–1.05)
1.03 (1.00–1.05)
0.055
0.024
0.021
None (reference)
1
1
1
Smoking time (years)
1.02 (1.00–1.04)
1.00 (0.99–1.03)
1.01 (0.99–1.03)
0.027
0.36
0.251
None (reference)
1
1
1
Cumulative smoking (pack-years)
1.02 (1.01–1.03)
1.02 (1.00–1.03)
1.02 (1.00–1.03)
0.008
0.037
0.032
Model A: crude model; Model B: adjusted for age, sex, origin, and occupation; Model C: adjusted for age, sex, origin, occupation, drinking, BMI, WC, and diabetes duration; and CPD: cigarettes per day.
