Surgical Design Optimization of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis

Figure 3

Incorrect predictions from the biomechanical and machine learning approach model for the patients in a dataset (a and d, meshed model of the intervertebral disc; b and e, preoperative stress distribution; c and f, postoperative stress). (a–c) Case 7 was predicted to be high risk (model output, 55.6%). However, PJK was not observed until a 2-year postoperative follow-up. (d–f) The model output was 40.1% for the Case 11, in which PJK occurred 451 days after operation.

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