Journal of Healthcare Engineering

Research Article

Disentangling the Association of Hydroxychloroquine Treatment with Mortality in Covid-19 Hospitalized Patients through Hierarchical Clustering

Table 2

Results of Cox PH regressions modelling incident mortality risk.


Model	N (deaths)	Cluster 2 vs 1	HCQ Yes vs no	Cluster∗HCQ

Model 1: Death ∼ cluster	4,319 (799)	3.81 [3.12-4.65] (<10⁻¹⁵)

Model 2: Death ∼ cluster + HCQ	4,212 (743)	3.80 [3.08-4.67] (<10⁻¹⁵)	0.51 [0.43-0.61] (8.8 × 10⁻¹⁵)

Model 3: Death ∼ cluster + HCQ + Cluster∗HCQ	4,212 (743)	2.45 [1.69-3.54] (4.9 × 10⁻⁴)	0.46 [0.38-0.55] (<10⁻¹⁵)	1.90 [1.21-2.96] (2.1 × 10⁻⁴)

Model 4: Death ∼ cluster + HCQ + Cluster∗HCQ + other drugs	3,736 (664)	1.65 [1.20-2.26] (2.2 × 10⁻³)	0.52 [0.43-0.63] (2.0 × 10⁻¹¹)	1.98 [1.36-2.89] (4.0 × 10⁻⁴)

Associations between incident mortality risk, Covid-19 clusters identified, and use of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were tested in the incremental models and in a sensitivity analysis including all the drugs used for Covid-19 treatment. No other covariates were included in the analysis. Hazard Ratios with 95% confidence intervals (HR [CI]) and relevant p-values (in brackets) are reported. Significant HRs () are highlighted in bold.