Disentangling the Association of Hydroxychloroquine Treatment with Mortality in Covid-19 Hospitalized Patients through Hierarchical Clustering

Table 3

Results of logistic regressions modelling Covid-19 composite bad outcome risk.

Model	N	Cluster 2 vs 1	HCQ	Cluster∗HCQ
Bad outcome ∼ cluster	4,373	2.53 [2.09-3.08] (<10^−15)
Bad outcome ∼ cluster + HCQ	4,265	2.53 [2.08-3.09] (<10^−15)	0.71 [0.61-0.83] (2.1 × 10^−5)
Bad outcome ∼ cluster + HCQ + Cluster∗HCQ	4,265	1.94 [1.35-2.79] (3.8 × 10^−4)	0.67 [0.56-0.79] (4.0 × 10^−6)	1.46 [0.95-2.26] 0.08
Bad outcome ∼ cluster + HCQ + Cluster∗HCQ + other drugs	3,786	1.80 [1.21-2.68] (3.8 × 10^−3)	0.55 [0.45-0.66] (9.0 × 10^−10)	1.47 [0.92-2.36] (0.10)

The composite bad outcome was defined as one of the following: death, access to intensive care unit, or severe Covid-19 manifestation (either severe pneumonia or ARDS). Associations were tested in three incremental models and in a sensitivity analysis including all the drugs used for Covid-19 treatment, as for Cox PH regressions. Odds Ratios with 95% confidence intervals (OR [CI]) and relevant p-values (in brackets) are reported. Significant ORs () are highlighted in bold.