Text Mining-Based Drug Discovery in Osteoarthritis
Table 3
Candidate drugs targeting genes with OA.
Number
Drug
Description
Gene
Drug-gene interaction
Score
Approved by FDA
Approved use in OA
Clinical trial phase in O A
Reference (PubMed ID)
1
Celecoxib
COX-2
PTGS2
Inhibitor
12
Yes
Yes
4
12093311|12086292
2
Etodolac
Mainly COX-2
PTGS2
Inhibitor
11
Yes
Yes
2
12824918|11009046
3
Oxaprozin
Mainly COX-1
PTGS2
Inhibitor
10
Yes
Yes
2
19338579|9831331
4
Meloxicam
COX-2
PTGS2
Inhibitor
11
Yes
Yes
4
10567199|10220944
5
Icosapent
Eicosanoids
PTGS2
Inhibitor
7
Yes
No
Not available
12573452|16190133
6
Aminosalicylic acid
Antimycobacterial agent
PTGS2
Inhibitor
6
Yes
No
Not available
16855178|12463455
7
Mesalamine
Anti-inflammatory agent
PTGS2
Inhibitor
9
Yes
No
Not available
16855178|12463455
8
Indomethacin
Mainly COX-1
PTGS2
Inhibitor
8
Yes
Yes
4
15668944|15730717
9
Nabumetone
COX-2
PTGS2
Inhibitor
11
Yes
Yes
4
11304699|12047490
10
Tenoxicam
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
10
Yes
Yes
2
11563332|16245223
11
Lenalidomide
Immunomodulatory drug
PTGS2
Modulator
3
Yes
No
Not available
15598423|12720152
12
Rofecoxib
COX-2
PTGS2
Inhibitor
15
Yes
Yes
3
10580458|11398914
13
Piroxicam
COX-1
PTGS2
Inhibitor
10
Yes
Yes
2
11952155|11785774
14
Sulindac
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
9
Yes
Yes
2
11118042|10372826
15
Mefenamic acid
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
11
Yes
Yes
2
10393680|15792781
16
Naproxen
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
11
Yes
Yes
4
17604186|17612049
17
Sulfasalazine
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
7
Yes
No
Not available
16855178|12463455
18
Phenylbutazone
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
9
Yes
No
Not available
15939622|15489888
19
Diflunisal
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
11
Yes
Yes
Not available
11315375|8737748
20
Suprofen
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
7
Yes
No
Not available
11885959|17139284
21
Salicylic acid
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
10
Yes
Yes
Not available
15035793|15348270
22
Aspirin
Mainly COX-1
PTGS2
Inhibitor
12
Yes
Yes
Not available
17522398|17181859
23
Bromfenac
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
6
Yes
No
Not available
16982289|16846546
24
Ketoprofen
COX-2
PTGS2
Inhibitor
11
Yes
Yes
3
14513718|11729362
25
Balsalazide disodium
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
7
Yes
No
Not available
17981262|12950415
26
Lumiracoxib
COX-2
PTGS2
Inhibitor
10
Yes
Yes
3
14965322|15017615
27
Salsalate
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
7
Yes
Yes
Not available
9711054|10452868
28
Ginseng, Asian
Adaptogen
PTGS2
Inhibitor
4
Yes
No
Not available
17436372|15753395
29
Antrafenine
Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
7
Yes
No
Not available
17604186|17612049
30
Antipyrine
Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
2
Yes
No
Not available
11695253
31
Tiaprofenic acid
PTG synthetase inhibitor
PTGS2
Inhibitor
8
Yes
Yes
Not available
2277128|11752352
32
Etoricoxib
COX-2
PTGS2
Inhibitor
12
Yes
Yes
4
17573128|17164136
33
Resveratrol
Polyphenolic phytoalexin
PTGS2
Inhibitor
2
Yes
No
3
11752352
34
Nepafenac
COX-1 and COX-2
PTGS2
Inhibitor
5
Yes
No
Not available
10850857
35
Parecoxib
COX-2
PTGS2
Inhibitor
3
Yes
No
Not available
10794682
36
Captopril
Inhibitor of ACE
MMP9
Inhibitor
5
Yes
No
Not available
12381651|19057128
37
Glucosamine
Precursor of lipids
MMP9
Antagonist
6
Yes
Yes
4
12405690|16616490
38
Rilonacept
Interleukin 1 inhibitor
IL1RN
Binder
3
Yes
No
Not available
23319019|12815153
39
Danazol
Gonadotropin inhibitor
CCL2
Inhibitor
3
Yes
No
Not available
11056242|11216879
40
Etanercept
Fusion protein
TNF
Antibody
12
Yes
No
Not available
10375846|10405518
41
Adalimumab
Monoclonal antibody
TNF
Antibody
12
Yes
No
Not available
12044041|15022409
42
Infliximab
TNF-α blocker
TNF
Inhibitor
17
Yes
No
Not available
16456024|16052578
43
Inamrinone
PDE3 inhibitor
TNF
Inhibitor
6
Yes
No
Not available
11805217|1611705
44
Golimumab
Monoclonal antibody
TNF
Antibody
6
Yes
No
Not available
21079302
45
Certolizumab pegol
TNF-α inhibitor
TNF
Neutralizer
6
Yes
No
Not available
23620660
46
Pomalidomide
COX-2
TNF
Inhibitor
2
Yes
No
Not available
22917017
47
Siltuximab
Monoclonal antibody
IL6
Antagonist
4
Yes
No
Not available
8823310
48
Clenbuterol
Beta(2) agonist
NGF
Stimulator
6
Yes
No
Not available
10525174|10403429
49
Aflibercept
Recombinant fusion protein
VEGFA
Inhibitor
7
Yes
No
Not available
22813448
50
Carvedilol
Beta adrenoceptor blocker
VEGFA
Other
5
Yes
No
Not available
15071347|15942707
51
Dalteparin sodium
Anticoagulant
VEGFA
Inhibitor
4
Yes
No
Not available
17692905|21091776
52
Ranibizumab
VEGFA antagonist
VEGFA
Inhibitor
14
Yes
No
Not available
18046235|18054637
53
Bevacizumab
VEG inhibitor
VEGFA
Inhibitor
10
Yes
No
Not available
15705858|11752352
Fifty-three drugs which met the criteria of targeting one of the candidate genes by an appropriate interaction were collected in the final list. Whether the drug has been approved by the FDA and whether it has been approved for OA are documented in the table. ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; PDE: phosphodiesterase; PTG: prostaglandin; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.