[Retracted] The Effect of Introducing Infographic Pattern on Developing Cognitive Understanding by Using AI Technology for University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Table 8

Calculated t-values for mean score differences between the two experimental groups in the willingness to learn scale both before and after application.

Measurement type	N	Means	Standard deviation	Standard error	Degree of freedom	Calculated t-value	Significance level
Preapplication	60	13.33	2.412	0.5	59	21.902	Significant at the 0.05 level
Postapplication		17.97	1.847	0.44