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Included studies | Country | Cases | Age/year | VR type | Interventions | Number of Interventions/week | Frequency | Outcome indicators |
VR group | Control group | VR group | Control group | VR group | Control group |
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Baek et al. 2019 [26] | South Korea | 20 | 22 | 20.00-29.00 | VR box | 5 min warm up and stretch. 20 min VR training: wear VR-HMD (VRbox; Max, China), stand on an unstable support surface (JUMPER; TOGU, Germany) for balance training. 5 min relax and stretch. | 5 min warm up and stretch. 20 min conventional training: without VR-HMD, stand on an unstable support surface (JUMPER; TOGU, Germany) on both feet for balance training. 5 min relax and stretch. | 3 | 3 times/week; 20 min/time | ①②③④⑤ |
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Kim et al. 2018 [29] | South Korea | 10 | 10 | 21.80 ± 1.20 | 22.10 ± 2.40 | Nintendo Wii Fit Plus | 5 min warm up and stretch. 20 min VR training: muscle strength and balance strengthening exercises with Nintendo Wii Fit Plus. | 5 min warm up and stretch. 20 min conventional training: ankle muscle strength training in four directions with elastic bands; stand on the aero step (TOGU, Germany) on one foot in situ for balance training. | 4 | 3 times/week; 20 min/time | ② |
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Kim et al. 2019 [25] | South Korea | 10 | 11 | 21.00 ± 1.20 | Nintendo Wii Fit Plus | 5 min warm up and stretch. 20 min VR training: 10 min of muscle strength and 10 min of balance strengthening with Nintendo Wii Fit Plus. 5 min relaxation activities. | 5 min warm up and stretch. 20 min conventional training: ankle muscle strength training in four directions with elastic bands; balance training in appropriate difficulty with Airex Balance Pad, slide board, donut hall, trampoline, Bosu Pro Balance Trainer, basic balance board and rocker/wobble board package. 5 min relaxation activities. | 4 | 3 times/week; 20min/time | ④ |
Kim et al. 2020 [27] | South Korea | 13 | 11 | 21.38 ± 1.00 | 21.90 ± 1.00 | VR BOSS & APP: rope crossing adventure VR | 10 min warm up. 30 min VR training: use mobile comprehensive virtual reality trainer VR BOSS (Smpia; Seoul, Republic of Korea) combined with rope crossing adventure VR APP to perform balance training (1-2 weeks of tightrope walking indoors, 3-4 weeks of tightrope walking between high-rise buildings). | 10 min warm up. 30 min conventional training: static and dynamic balance training such as open/closed eyes, standing on one foot, knee lifting on one leg, one foot standing squat, etc. (1-2 weeks on the ground /wobble balance boards, 3-4 weeks on the balance pads). | 4 | 3 times/week; 30min/time | ⑥ |
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Yang et al. 2016 [28] | South Korea | 15 | 15 | 21.36 ± 2.92 | 22.04 ± 4.05 | Balance trainer | 30 min plyometric training: zigzag running, backward running, vertical jumping, agility jumping, side jumping, full speed running, and other sports. 30 min VR training: VR-based fusion training of neuromuscular postural control: use Aero step (TOGU, Germany) in combination with the Balance trainer (Medica Medizintechink GmbH, Germany) for training. | 30 min plyometric training: zigzag running, back running, vertical jump, agility jump, side jump, full speed running. 30 min conventional training: run on treadmill. | 8 | 3 times/week; 30min/time | ⑦⑧⑨ |
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