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T (primary tumor) | Tx | The primary tumor could not be evaluated. |
To | No evidence of primary tumor. |
Ta | Non-invasive papillary carcinoma. |
Tis | Carcinoma in situ (“squamous carcinoma”). |
T1 | Tumor invasion of subepithelial connective tissue. |
T2 (muscular layer invasion) | T2a | Tumor invasion of superficial muscularis (medial half). |
T2b | Tumor invasion of the deep muscle layer (lateral half). |
T3 (surrounding tissue invasion) | T3a | The tumor invaded the tissues around the bladder under the microscope. |
T3b | The tumor can be seen to invade the tissues around the bladder (extra-bladder mass). |
T4 (other organ or tissue invasion) | T4a | The tumor invaded the prostate, uterus, or vagina. |
T4b | Tumor invaded the pelvic or abdominal wall. |
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N (regional lymph nodes) | Nx | Regional lymph nodes could not be evaluated. |
No | No regional lymph node metastasis. |
N1 | Single lymph node metastasis from the true pelvic region (internal iliac, obturator, external iliac, or anterior sacral). |
N2 | Multiple lymph nodes in the true pelvis (internal iliac, obturator foramen, external iliac, or anterior sacral). |
N3 | Common iliac lymph node metastasis. |
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M (distant metastasis) | Mx | Distant metastases could not be assessed. |
M0 | No distant metastasis. |
M1 | There were distant metastases. |
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