Research Article
A Novel COVID-19 Diagnosis Support System Using the Stacking Approach and Transfer Learning Technique on Chest X-Ray Images
| Works | Number of classes | Models used | Accuracy | Precision | Sensitivity | Specificity |
| [35] | COVID-19 | ResNet50 | 93.01% | 95.18% | 91.45% | 94.77% | Non-COVID-19 |
| [36] | COVID-19 | CovXNet | 90.2% | 90.8% | 89.9% | 89.1% | Normal | Viral pneumonia | Bact pneumonia | COVID-19 | 89.6% | 88.5% | 90.3% | 87.6% | Viral pneumonia | Bact pneumonia |
| [37] | COVID-19 | CoroNet | 89.6% | 90% | 89.92% | 96.4% | Normal | Viral pneumonia | Bact pneumonia | COVID-19 | 95% | 95% | 96.9% | 97.5% | Normal | Bact pneumonia |
| [38] | COVID-19 | AlexNet | 78.92% | N/A | 89.21% | 68.63% | VGG16 | 83.33% | N/A | 80.39% | 86.27% | VGG19 | 85.29% | N/A | 92.16% | 78.43% | SqueezeNet | 82.84% | N/A | 78.43% | 87.52% | GoogLeNet | 85.29% | N/A | 81.37% | 90.20% | Viral pneumonia | MobileNetV2 | 92.16% | N/A | 97.06% | 87.25% | ResNet18 | 91.61 | N/A | 95.10% | 88.23% | ResNet50 | 94.12% | N/A | 90.20% | 100% | ResNet101 | 99.51% | N/A | 100% | 99.02% | Xception | 99.02% | N/A | 98.04% | 100% |
| [39] | Normal | VGG16 | 79.01% | N/A | N/A | N/A | DenseNet121 | 89.96% | N/A | N/A | N/A | COVID-19 | Xception | 88.03% | N/A | N/A | N/A | NASNet | 85.03% | N/A | N/A | N/A | Other | EfficientNet | 93.48% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| [40] | COVID-19 | AlexNet | 99.13% | N/A | 99.47% | 99.15% | Healthy | Pneumonia | Tuberculosis |
| [41] | COVID-19 | Majority voting method | 99.31% | 100% | 100% | N/A | Normal | Viral pneumonia |
| [42] | COVID-19 | DenseNet | 97.99% | 98.38% | 98.15% | N/A | Normal | Pneumonia |
| [43] | COVID-19 | Majority voting method | 99.26% | 97.87% | 100% | 98.89% | Normal | Pneumonia |
| [44] | COVID-19 | ResNet50V2 | 95.49% | 96.85% | 99.19% | 98.27% | Normal | VGG16 | 92.70% | 97.50% | 94.35% | 98.69% | Pneumonia | Inception V3 | 92.97% | 97.60% | 98.39% | 98.67% |
| [45] | COVID-19 | VGG16 | 91.69% | 92.33% | 95.92% | 100% | Normal | Pneumonia |
| [46] | COVID-19 | VGG16 | 87.84% | 82.00% | 82.33% | 91.20% | Normal | Inception V3 | 91.32% | 87.54% | 89.00% | 94.00% | Viral pneumonia | EfficientNetB0 | 92.93% | 88.30% | 90.00% | 95.00% |
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